NestedRuntimeException class abstract

Abstract base class for runtime exceptions that can wrap other exceptions.

This class provides a foundation for creating exception hierarchies where exceptions can contain references to their underlying causes. It's particularly useful for framework-level exceptions that need to preserve the original error context while adding additional information.

Key Features:

• Maintains a chain of causation through nested exceptions
• Provides root cause analysis capabilities
• Supports exception type checking throughout the chain
• Offers formatted string representation with cause information

Example:

class DatabaseException extends NestedRuntimeException {
  DatabaseException(String message, [Throwable? cause]) : super(message, cause);
}

// Usage with nested causes
try {
  // Some database operation
} catch (e) {
  throw DatabaseException('Failed to save user', e);
}

// Analyzing the exception chain
catch (e) {
  if (e is NestedRuntimeException) {
    print('Root cause: ${e.getRootCause()}');
    print('Most specific: ${e.getMostSpecificCause()}');
  }
}